State building is not a new a new process. One of the first internationalized territories was Albania in 1913-1914. The country was placed under the administration of the main European powers of the time(36). More ambitious was the placing of the Sarre under administration from 1922 to 1935. France claimed the annexation of the Sarre for strategic reasons, namely the coal mines. However Great Britain and the United States having refused, the area was managed by a commission of five countries. Well after UNO knew an experiment of administration with the case of Western New Guinea.
To manage these territories in situation of decolonization, the League of Nations and then UNO had resorted to the systems of the mandate or the supervision, acting as administrative powers for Non-Self-Governing territories(37). The objective was to promote the wellbeing and the development of the populations which could lead to the creation of independent states. Although there was past history, never the skirting of the principle of sovereignty was not practiced as much in the name of the rebuilding of ploughed up states or not assuming their role in particular with their populations(38). The war or the threat against peace is not sprung anymore from the power of the States but from their weakness(39). Recently, weak and failed states appear as factors which can destabilize the international order.
This chapter will focus on a well-described definition of the notion of state building and the main task that should be accomplished in the rebuilding process. It will also analyse the security and economic challenges in this rebuilding process of failed states.
36 Erwin A. Schmidl, The international operation in Albania, 1913-1914, International peacekeeping, 1999, p.1-10.
37 Caplan Richard et Pouligny Beatrice, Histoire et contradictions du state building, critique international, 2005/3 no 28, P.123-138.
38 Caplan Richard et Pouligny Beatrice, Histoire et contradictions du state building, critique international, 2005/3 no 28, P.123-138.
39 Caplan Richard et Pouligny Beatrice, Histoire et contradictions du state building, critique international, 2005/3 no 28, P.123-138.